What is Missiology?
by Ben Eckman

You are a missions-minded collegian. Your heart's desire is to have an impact in the process of world evangelism. So what`s the big deal about missiology? You may or may not have heard of the term before. You might be very familiar with the whole discipline. In either case, you need to be aware of the following.


How did this get started?

The concept of studying missions was not considered an academic pursuit until the late nineteenth century. Since that time the name accompanying this discipline has been evolving. Over the last few decades there has been a global acceptance of this term missiology, by theologians and scholars, for the scientific study of missions.


What does the term mean?

Missiology, according to Alan Tippett, is the "academic discipline or science which researches, records, and applies data relating to the biblical origin, the history (including the use of documentary materials), the anthropological principles and techniques and the theological base of the Christian mission." Another scholar states that missiology "depends heavily on theology, history, and the practical disciplines, but it also must dip into the behavioral sciences, namely anthropology, sociology, psychology, and linguistics. It is not a mere borrower from other fields, for these dimensions are related to each other in dynamic symbiosis. They interact, influence and modify one another." The above definitions have been given by popular evangelical authors. They have made this discipline - missiology - a blending of several practices to guide them in their efforts of world evangelization. They will use extensively, but not exclusively, anthropological theories to determine their evangelistic methods.


What implications does this term carry?

As a globally minded collegian, you need to be aware of what this term could imply. When you read articles of well known evangelical missiologists, you need to be aware that simply because he has a doctorate in the field of missions does not mean he is expressing biblical views. Many times a missiologist will have an anthropological theory and then apply his theory to how evangelism should be accomplished in a certain culture. Of course we should not throw out the baby with the bath water. There is some legitimacy to certain conclusions of missiologists, but too often their starting premise is anthropological and not necessarily biblical. It is difficult to balance the legitimacy of missiology with the overriding tendencies of the discipline.


Balance!

There is a need for our student movement to have an understanding of missiology. As collegians, though, we cannot venture out to define the balance on our own. We need help. SGI will seek to provide your student-led mission group with biblically based missiological information authored by men in Fundamentalism.


Ben Eckman grew up in Argentina as a missionary kid. He graduated from Northland Baptist Bible College and now serves as coordinator for Student Global Impact. He can be reached at ben@studentglobalimpact.com


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